Essay --

Anna Sampson Mr. Sharbatz Sophomore English B 3 March 2014 Friendship What is true friendship? â€Å"It is putting someone else first. It is being strictly honest, loyal, and chaste in every action. Perhaps it is the word commitment that unlocks the real meaning of friendship.† (Dalton). That is the essence of a true friend, someone that is always there for you. Though friendship is not easy, it can fall apart a lot easier. Good friendships can be affected from betrayal, distance, and differences in class. Betrayal some may say is â€Å"the most devastating loss a person can experience† (Frank). Especially when it comes from someone who is special like a friend and someone who trust is embedded within.The novel The Kite Runner written by Khaled Hosseini has numerous examples of friendship issues within it. In The Kite Runner Baba and Ali are friends, but once Baba betrays Ali by sleeping with his wife their friendship suffers greatly and never quite recovers (Hosseini 222). Betrayal is something that cannot easily be recovered from, something that changes two people’s relationship forever. Ano...

Campaign to Make Awareness About Ocean Pollution

Campaign to make awareness about ocean pollution Background The current environmental issue of ocean pollution in Dubai which is spreading rapidly due to lack of awareness. Gulf countries depend heavily on seawater desalination for drinking water. But experts warns that pollution of gulf water could soon make it impossible to treat seawater for human consumption. According to ram Prasad a oil and gas expert in Dubai claims that increasing urbanisation led to dumping of sewage, hazardous waste and toxic chemicals in to the sea (Janardhan, 2004) Target PublicOcean pollution is a sector which is not taken seriously. There is awareness’ in the government but the regulations and rules must change to reduce the impact and make the public more aware about the situation. The primary target of the campaign is to make the main governmental authorities involved in water resource management to take an action about the current ocean pollution. Getting attention of main governmental authori ties such as : * The Ministry of Agriculture and Fisheries The Ministry of Electricity and Water * The General Water Resources Authority * The Federal Environmental Agency Objective The primary objective is to get the attention on governmental authorities to take the matter in to their hands by cooperating . for example oil spill is a serious issue how can they help to prevent it? What new laws could be built? Secondary objective is to make the general public aware of ocean pollution so that they won’t contribute to it. MessageThe message of the campaign would be â€Å"SAVE THE WATERS† which would influence the authorities and public to act upon it. Strategy/ channel and tactics Our stragedy of awareness is mainly based on media. Trough social networking sites to spread the message. Organising events to grab the public attention. News letters on leading newspapers such as gulf news sponsored by authorities. Timetable The time table would contain the days where campaign s will be held. Time and locations. Timetable

The Autobiography Of Malcolm X - 1634 Words

The Autobiography of Malcolm X was about one African Americans struggle during a time of extreme racism and discrimination to make a name for himself. Malcolm had many life experiences before tragically being shot and killed. He was a hustler in Harlem, a porter for a railroad, and was eventually a minister for the black Islam movement lead by Elijah Mahammad. Malcolm Little lived a very interesting life to become the man he will be remembered as. Right before Malcolm was born members of the KKK came to their little home in Omaha, Nebraska terrorizing his mother. But they were not just there to terrorize her because she was black it was because of who his father was. His father, Earl Little, would eventually be killed not by the clan but an equivalent group. Earl was killed because he was a preacher of Marcus Garvey’s movement of being disconnected from the white man and they thought he was causing a disturbance for the â€Å"good black people. The sad part is that no ever was convicted or even brought in for questioning because they put his body on a street car track and the police just believed it was all an accident. It would have all could have been prevented if his parents had not been in a fight about eating pork. Malcolm also had lost his mother but not by death but by the government. After his father’s death his mother slowly started to lose her mind, all she had left in her life was her pride. It took a long time until she began taking government welfare. But because ofShow MoreRelatedThe Autobiography of Malcolm X729 Words   |  3 PagesLiterary Analysis: The Autobiography of Malcolm X The Autobiography of Malcolm X, told by Alex Haley, details the incredible journey of one of the most inspiration and life altering leaders the world has ever encountered. The book begins with the illustration of Malcolm’s early life experiences and ends with X predicting that he will die a violent death prior to seeing the publication of his autobiography. At the beginning of the book, Haley describes how Malcolm’s father, a Baptist MinisterRead MoreThe Autobiography Of Malcolm X Essay1369 Words   |  6 PagesWho is Malcolm X? Answers tend to vary by person but in the â€Å"Autobiography of Malcolm X†, it really delved into the pivotal details of his life and readers like myself, went on an enthralling metaphorical journey to see the intriguing development of him as a child, a young adult, a convict, a follower, and ultimately a leader. For starters, Malcolm X was not born with the infamous and famous X. His birth name was Malcolm Little and the innocent Malcolm Little was very belittled (pun intended) inRead MoreAutobiography Of Malcolm X1614 Words   |  7 PagesKaykay Zhu October 19, 2017 The Autobiography of Malcolm X as told to Alex Haley is an account of Malcolm X’s evolving perspective on racial justice. Malcolm X was a prominent figure in the Nation of Islam who advocated for black nationalism and separatism. The man who became one of America’s most powerful voices for African Americans was deeply affected by the terrors of racism, which shaped his view of social justice and the condemnation of the white man. The way Malcolm X narrates his experiences changesRead MoreThe Autobiography Of Malcolm X Essay1152 Words   |  5 Pages1 2 THE AUTOBIOGRAPHY OF MALCOLM X Introduction Malcolm X?s autobiography written in collaboration with Alex Haley is an exciting story of personality transformation. During several years, Malcolm X told Haley his biography in several extensive interviews. Haley described and orchestrated the stories and Malcolm X edited and endorsed every part of the book. The story is narrated in the first person and it seems like Malcolm was writing this of hisRead MoreThe Autobiography Of Malcolm X1276 Words   |  6 PagesThe Autobiography of Malcolm X as told to Alex Haley, and Coming of Age in Mississippi by Anne Moody sheds light on how principles of ambition, pride, and faith throughout their lives paved individual paths for revolutionary success. Troubling upbringings as seen in both of their lives eventually instilled a drive that ultimately revolutionized America’s perspective of racial equality. Their worldview grows to encompass humanity as one and is developed alongside their spiritual and cultural in quiryRead MoreThe Autobiography Of Malcolm X1701 Words   |  7 Pagesread the autobiography of Malcolm X. Malcolm X was one of the most controversial Men in American history. I’m familar with the name Malcolm X however, I’m not familliar with the works and background of Malcolm X. This is why I choose to read the autobiography of Malcolm X written by himself and Alex Haley. Which gives the read an insight on his background, beliefs, and the American society then. I believe that many people including myself have misunderstood Malcolm X. I believe that Malcolm X is misunderstoodRead MoreThe Autobiography Of Malcolm X791 Words   |  4 Pageslife. Malcolm X told his life story of how he overcame in his autobiography simply called The Autobiography of Malcolm X as told to Alex Haley. His life changed the world historically, socially, and especially politically by taking a stand against racism of all kinds which still exists in today’s â€Å"modern† standar ds. Using his personal life experience with racism towards African-Americans, Malcolm spreads the word on equality for all with a realistic tone that inspires trust in him. Malcolm X reachesRead MoreThe Autobiography of Malcolm X535 Words   |  2 Pages The autobiography of Malcolm X is a book that was published in 1965. It is of result of collaboration between human rights activist Mr. Malcolm X and journalist Alex Haley. The book depicts more about Malcolm X’s life, experiences and beliefs. The book again talks about spiritual conversion narrative that outlines Malcolm Xs philosophy of black pride, Black Nationalism. Malcolm was born in May 19th 1925 in Omaha to a family of Earl and Louise Little. The book also explains to us that he inheritatedRead MoreThe Autobiography Of Malcolm X1278 Words   |  6 PagesMalcolm X, born Malcolm Little, is one of the greatest advocates for race in the nation. However, his opinion of the state of racial issues in our country, and what can be done to solve them. Trials throughout Malcolm’s life of personal opinions and events that have occurred have shaped his outlook on the issue. Alex Haley’s autobiography novel, The Autobiography of Malcolm X, reveals Malcolm’s cha nging views on the solution of race in this country through the shaping stages of experiences in hisRead MoreThe Autobiography Of Malcolm X1505 Words   |  7 PagesCritical Book Review Book review based on The Autobiography of Malcolm X Introduction: This biography of Malcolm X was a book, which had a purpose of enlightening people on how blacks were treated, it mainly focused on the life of Malcolm and how it affected his life and changed him. Malcolm X is born and raised in Omaha, Nebraska, America. A country where racism is so prevalent that his family frequently gets into a confrontation with the KKK and Black Legion society due to his father being

J J Philippines -Case - 3170 Words

S w 9A94A006 J J (PHILIPPINES), INC. — JOHNSONS FACE POWDER (A)1 Professor John Kennedy prepared this case solely to provide material for class discussion. The author does not intend to illustrate either effective or ineffective handling of a managerial situation. The author may have disguised certain names and other identifying information to protect confidentiality. Ivey Management Services prohibits any form of reproduction, storage or transmittal without its written permission. Reproduction of this material is not covered under authorization by any reproduction rights organization. To order copies or request permission to reproduce materials, contact Ivey Publishing, Ivey Management Services, c/o Richard Ivey School†¦show more content†¦The company continued to expand at home and abroad in its traditional business until 1959, when it entered the pharmaceutical industry with the acquisition of a U.S. and a Swiss pharmaceutical firm. By 1989, the company sold products in over 150 countries, and had operations in over 50 of these countries. The broad product line was composed of three segments: consumer products, pharmaceuticals, and medical/professional products. Worldwide sales in 1989 were 9.75 billion dollars, with 50% of these sales made outside the U.S. Page 3 9A94A006 Table 2 ECONOMIC PERFORMANCE OF ASEAN COUNTRIES3 Country Indonesia Malaysia Philippines Singapore Thailand 1989 GDP Per Head (US$) 1989 GDP % Growth Rate 527 2,159 708 10,875 1,252 13.1 8.7 6.0 9.4 12.0 Est. 1990 GDP % Growth Rate 7.1 9.8 2.7 8.2 10.0 Source: BMI Database Fall 1989: US$1 = P28.0 = CAN$1.16 JOHNSON JOHNSON (PHILIPPINES), INC. Johnson Johnson (Philippines), Inc. was a consumer products firm which started business in 1956 as a manufacturer and distributor of baby products. The firm grew over the years through a combination of growth in existing product lines and the addition of new products. Johnson Johnson (Philippines) sales in 1989 were 1.03 billion pesos, the first time that the firm had broken the billion peso sales mark, making the firm the 90thShow MoreRelatedJ J Philippines -Case3179 Words   |  13 PagesS w 9A94A006 J J (PHILIPPINES), INC. à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â‚¬  JOHNSONS FACE POWDER (A)1 Professor John Kennedy prepared this case solely to provide material for class discussion. The author does not intend to illustrate either effective or ineffective handling of a managerial situation. The author may have disguised certain names and other identifying information to protect confidentiality. Ivey Management Services prohibits any form of reproduction, storage or transmittal without its written permissionRead MoreThe United States And The Declaration Of The Philippine Islands1094 Words   |  5 Pagescontrol of the Philippine Islands. A striking speech Albert J. Beveridge: In Support of an American Empire, strongly advocates the annexation of the Philippine islands to the USA with his most striking points about the senator’s speech which are his three poorly thought out reasons justifying Americans to colonize the Philippines dealing with religion, profit, and race. Beveridge’s ideas were constructed to be powerful. â€Å"And so our government must be simple and strong† (Albert J. Beveridge). HeRead MoreThe United States949 Words   |  4 Pagesthe 1900’s, the United States has expanded their trading routes with oriental lands such as the Philippines. A striking speech, delivered by a first-term republican senator, Albert J. Beveridge, strongly advocates the annexation of the Philippine islands to the USA. The most striking points about the senator’s speech are his three poorly thought out reasons justifying Americans to colonize the Philippines, which were religion, profit, and race. The reason was for the American imperialism, which wasRead MoreEssay on Unemployment and Migration in the Philippines1634 Words   |  7 Pagesit has mostly been in a downward trend, the unemployment rate in the Philippines is still the highest compare to other nations in Southeast Asia and it has remained higher than region’s average unemployment rate (Abella Alburo, 2002; Bauzon Lazo, 2014). In 2012 the unemployment rate of Malaysia was 3 percent; Singapore, 2.1 percent; and Thailand, 0.7 percent, all of which are significantly lower than that of the Philippines (Padilla, 2013). A recent Social Weather Station (SWS) survey revealedRead MoreHypoglycemic Activity of Gynura Procumbens in Alloxan-Induced 1023 Words   |  5 Pagesof diabetes cases worldwide are type II. Diabetes is the main cause of blindness, amputation, and kidney failure and the WHO projects that it will be the 7th leading cause of death in 2030. In 2010, an estimated 3.4 million people died due to the consequences of high blood sugar (WHO, 2013). Diabetes was the ninth leading cause of death from 1999 to 2002 in the Philippines. As of 2005, diabetes affected one in every 25 Filipinos. In the Philippines, there were 3.4 million diabetes cases in 2010, representingRead MoreCrude Extracts in Tsaang- Gubat as Potential Therapeutic Agents for Treating Cancer1620 Words   |  7 Pages I. Introduction 1.1 Background of the Study: Philippine Tea Tree or also known as â€Å"Tsaang-Gubat† is a shrub that grows wild in the tropical climate of the Philippines. This species of medicinal plant is permitted by the Philippine Department of Health-Philippine Institute of Traditional Alternative Health Care (DOH-PITAHC) as one of the scientifically validated plants that flourishes in nature to be used as medicine which is more inexpensive and available than synthetic drugs (Principe Jose,Read MoreHealth and Poverty in FIlipinos1235 Words   |  5 PagesHealth Organization) According to the World Health Organization (WHO), â€Å"Poverty is the main cause of malnutrition because people are not able to eat the right kind of food they need.† Poverty and malnutrition have always had a link especially in the Philippines. A recent report from the Social Weather Stations (SWS) revealed that 52% of Filipinos consider themselves to be poor and 41% of Filipino families consider themselves food poor. It was also reported that the Food Poverty Threshold (FTP) the surveyRead MoreSocial Media Personas vs Real-Life Behavior1519 Words   |  7 Pagessituations where other people expresses their negative stereotypes about their group. In addition, Twitter creates a unique setting, which has no equivalent in the offline world. This highly protected environment affects people in different ways. In some cases, twitter use releases the individual from the â€Å"normative persona mask† they wear in face-to-face interactions and so may help them to explore them selves and experiment with different aspects of their identity (Turkle, 1995). Highly supportive netRead MoreThe Philippine Justice System1070 Words   |  5 PagesThe Philippine Justice System is known to be one of the â€Å"slowest† if not the slowest in the world. Yes, it is embarrassing. But before we dig deeper into that context, let us have a look at the background of the Philippine Justice System first. During the Spanish Regime, there was this so-called â€Å"Royal Audencia†. It consists of the president, four oidores (justices) and a fiscal. Both administrative and judicial functions were exercised by the audencia. In 1861, it became solely a judicial bodyRead MoreCulture affects Domestic Violence Essay857 Words   |  4 Pagesa higher domestic violence rate, such as the Philippines. Culture to me is the way a person acts based on the beliefs that have been taught to a person by their family while growing up. People’s actions today are based on how they were raised. The culture in the Philippines is very different then the culture in America. Women in the Philippine culture are treated very different from the American cultures. The domestic violence rate in the Philippines is becoming a serious problem throughout the

The Definition of Religion Can Be Academically Useful

Many different religious scholars and theorists use some kind of a prehistoric humanity as proof or evidence their works. The primitive is such a central concern for them because of the lack of evidence of prehistoric civilizations. Thus making the prehistoric societies easy models to help prove their beliefs and understandings on religion. In addition to this, another reason as to why prehistoric humanity was so important to religious philosophers was because early theorist did not have the field or study of religion. Early theorists where classified as anthropologists and sociologists in most cases; and thus tended to bring in parts of their study into religion. Anthropologists study prehistoric civilizations, they were very comfortable with that subject, which is why they used it to prove points in their religious models. For example early social anthropologist E.B. Taylor used a concept called â€Å"The savage philosopher† as his form of primitive life. When the savage phi losopher wakes up and he has no idea between being asleep and being awake, he was unaware of what a dream was. However the savage philosopher was quite interested in his environment and the anomalies present in it. However without any form of scientific methods the philosopher could not make sense of the anomalies in his environment. Therefore, the pre-human has to come to a conclusion for the oddity of seeing himself elsewhere and seeing spirits of his dead ancestors. (All occurring in a dream) Thus theShow MoreRelatedCan a Definition of Religion Be Academically Useful? 630 Words   |  3 PagesA definition of Religion is and can be academically useful. It’s the same as with science as it is with religion, the ability to have a definition, creates academic validity for the subject. One has the ability to point to a certain section or a topic of a book and then support themselves with a fundamental definition. Now the problem that arises in religious studies is that the defi nition is not always accurate or consistent. Many different academic scholars and writers have their own beliefs andRead MoreSimilarities In The Opposition. Ideas Do Not Prove Their909 Words   |  4 PagesCraig Martin and anthropologist Clifford Geertz approach analyzing religion with opposing views. Martin dismisses definitions of religion claiming that no definition can encompass the practical use of the word and instead provides a step by step approach to explaining beliefs and actions in the perspective of a methodological atheist. Geertz, however, provides a working definition broken into a five-part model to make it a useful tool. Upon further analysis of these two methods, the once contradictingRead More Ethics and Education Essay925 Words   |  4 Pages as the discipline dealing with what is good and what is bad. Morals are defined, in the same dictionary, as those principles of right and wrong in behavior. For Kozol in The Night Is Dark and I Am Far From Home, ethics an d morals have similar definitions but extend to include a sense of compassion for others. I agree with his argument that the purpose of schooling is to educate an ethical human being: a person who not only lives his life by facts and knowledge but also by ethics and morals. TheRead MoreThe Theory Of Evolution Or Intelligent Design1677 Words   |  7 Pagesreproduce. He took twenty- three years to publish his theory because, as someone who studied both Divinity and Biology at Edinburgh, he was aware of the religious implications. (Charles Darwin, BBC)The shockwaves produced by the publication of his theory can still be felt today, leading to conflict with regards towards whether or not evolution should be taught in school. Currently creationism is not taught in public schools in the United States, but many believe it should be, while others are just as adamantRead MoreSummary Of Giri s Curious Concept Of Giri1234 Words   |  5 PagesJapanese social behavior. To analyze giri Benedict’s work serves as a useful starting point. â€Å"The concept of giri is even now accepted as forming an important part of Japanese social relationships and has been a perpetual theme in a variety of arts† (Yoshida). A general definition would be ‘duty’ or ‘obligation’ which arises from social interaction with another individual, that has a specific repayment amount. This definition however fails to reveal a range of significant nuances. Gimu is specificRead MoreShades Of Black : Diversity1545 Words   |  7 Pagesbegin using the politically acceptable term widely applied today to regard black people; that word is known as Negroes. As different historical events occurred, one being the black power revolution on the 1970’s the experience called for a fresh definition of the term negro. Blacks or Africans in America began to be more conscious of their identity and more aware of the differences separating them. This is the experience that Cross (1971) illustrates and is primarily reference d in his five-stage progressRead MoreEdc1400 Assignment 12201 Words   |  9 PagesWhat is Curriculum? For Curriculum it does not matter the religion or the nationality, children are educated into particular modes which can make sense of their experiences and the environment around them, and also into a set of behavioral expectations, skills and knowledge, which the society requires for its future. A curriculum In practice, though is more than this. it is useful to think of it as being much wider. As a working definition of a curriculum I would say that it is the sum of all theRead MorePeace : The Beauty Of Enlightenment2599 Words   |  11 Pages2016 Peace: The Beauty of Enlightenment. The prologue which is the life of learning in general is basically talking about peace and the goals of higher education. This section is arising the question of what is education? Not in the sense of exact definition but how it affects the individual and society. This question has been asked for centuries, and even in modern times the answer is not obvious. Education has many grey areas when it comes to the question of its effects, long and short term. The authorsRead MoreAfrican Lost Generation Essay3468 Words   |  14 PagesHow useful is the idea of a ‘lost  generation’? The phrase and idea of a lost generation in studies of African youth, has been closely associated with the work of Cruise O’Brien. In 1996, O’Brien identified a generation of young people (loosely defined)[1] who, as a consequence of factors including political unrest, violence and economic collapse leading to the breakdown of social structures, were unable to complete a socially constructed transition from youth to adulthood – therefore remainingRead MoreSuccessful Student or a Competent Learner2527 Words   |  10 Pagestextbooks were Argosy and Field and Stream, whatever newspapers hed find on the bus stop - from the Daily Worker to pornography - conversations with uncles or hobos or businessmen hed meet in a coffee shop, The Old Man and the Sea. With hindsight, I can see that Ted was developing into one of those rough-hewn intellectuals whose sources are a mix of the learned and the apocryphal, whose discussions are both assured and sad. These kind of boys were labeled stupid... The problem with the traditional

Free Journalism Essay Media Audience Free Essays

1.0Introduction and Aims New technologies are a poisoned chalice for newspaper journalists and their audiences: at once equipping journalists with the resources they need to compete in the 21st century but at the same time threatening their very survival and forcing newspaper insiders to contemplate what Robert Rosenthal, the former Managing Editor of the San Francisco Chronicle, called: â€Å"the greatest upheaval our industry and the institution of journalism has ever faced† (Beckett 2008, p.9). We will write a custom essay sample on Free Journalism Essay: Media Audience or any similar topic only for you Order Now I have chosen newspapers as the basis of my inquiry into new technologies because it is a medium which some have observed to be in terminal decline due to flat lining circulations (Organisation for Economic Cooperation and Development 2010), merciless redundancies (Beckett 2008, p.27) and of course the rise of online journalism and new technologies (Bardoel 1999, p.379), one aspect of which is User Generated Content such as Youtube or Twitter where the audience is both a user and a producer of content (Birdsall 2007, p.1284). Web 2.0 technology has forced many commentators to reassess the ways in which both audience and audiences are understood (Nightingale 2011, p.7). We currently live in a time when both print and online newspapers exist side-by-side and in some respects we have our feet in both the last remnants of the industrial wave of technology and what has been identified by some commentators as the â€Å"information society† (Toffler 1980). Two related aspects of the decline of newspapers is the rise of online journalism and the advent of citizen journalism enabled by new technologies and symbolized by the Korean online newspaper OhmyNews. The specific focus of the secondary research and this report is citizen-journalism and User Generated Content (UGC) and their effect on media audience theories with comparison to newspapers and the traditional models of audience research which describe common features: â€Å"vertical, top-down, passive, one-way flow of information† (Birdsall 2007, p.1284). UGC comes in many different forms of course and, although as pointed out above Web 2.0 has forced many commentators to reassess media au dience theory (Nightingale, 2010 p.7), there is a lack of scrutiny of citizen journalism in media audience theories. This report hopes principally to correct some of this imbalance. The aim of this report is consequently to understand whether the traditional understanding of the media audience applies to UGC and online journalism and if not, which theory can best be applied to them without falling foul of â€Å"technological determinism† (Bardoel 1999, p.386). The core structural components of audience theory, adopting the words of Nightingale (2011), can be distilled to firstly the active passive dimension and the micro-macro dimension. Both of these dialectics can explain UGC to a large extent and the work of both Nightingale (2011) and Jenkins (1999) will both be examined to see if new media and UGC can be located within present theories of audiences and indeed whether the term â€Å"audience† is still a useful term: will the death of newspapers also bring about the death of the traditional passive audience (Lievrouw Livingstone, 2006, p.27 Valdivia, 2005, p.353)? 2.0 Context (a) Traditional audience theory and definitions It is Nightingale’s (2011) analysis of the two dimensions of audience theory which is adopted for the purpose of this report and have been described usefully by Littlejohn as firstly a tension between â€Å"the idea that the audience is a mass public versus the idea that it is a small community,† and the tension between â€Å"the idea that the audience is passive versus the belief that it is active† (1996, p.310). This dual framework is a useful starting point for understanding what is now commonly perceived to be the old model and the new interactive world of UGC (Nightingale 2011, p.191). The traditional model is recognized as being one-directional and it is McQuail who produces a classic definition: â€Å"the audience concept implies an attentive, receptive but relatively passive set of listeners or spectators assembled in a more or less public setting† (McQuail, 2010 p.391). When offering a definition for audience theories McQuail puts forward three cr iteria: people, medium or channel, the content of the message(s) and time (Ibid). McQuail himself concedes, however, that Nightingale’s definition is best suited to the new media environment and implicitly acknowledges that his own definition is becoming redundant in the face of diversity. Nightingale’s definition runs as follows and embraces audience interactions: â€Å"Audience as ‘the people assembled’†¦audience as the ‘people addressed’†¦audience as ‘happening’†¦audience as ‘hearing or audition’†. (Quoted from MacQuail 2011, p.399). (b) UGC and the decline of newspapers: According to Allan (2006) it was a speech made by media mogul Rupert Murdoch in 2005 which heralded the death of the newspaper, at least in its paper and ink format, in the irresistible current of new technology. As noted above there are many explanations for the demise of the print newspaper but chief among them are flat lining circulations (Organisation for Economic Cooperation and Development 2010), merciless redundancies (Beckett 2008, p.27) and of course the rise of online journalism and new technologies (Bardoel 1999, p.379). User Generated Content (UGC) has, in the opinion of some, shifted the balance of power between consumer and the media by enabling the public to become more intimately involved with the process of deciding the content of news (Kucuka Krishnamurthy 2007). According to Redden Witschge (2011) however, there has been no such fundamental rebalancing to the consumer or even to the audience as ultimately it is the editor and the journalist who retains control. T his approach is echoed by the experience of OhmyNews in citizen journalism where editorial control is retained (Kim and Hamilton 2006 p. 542). According to Bevans (2008), UGC is any news related material produced by the public via the internet. UGC has enabled a very radical form of reporting to flourish: citizen journalism. This is a very new concept and as such there is a lack of analysis but the term first surfaced during the Indonesian tsunami and has grown rapidly ever since. Guardian blogger Neil Mcintosh saw this as a pivotal moment: â€Å"†¦ for those watching this small, comparatively insignificant world of media, this may also be remembered as a time when citizen reporting, through the force of its huge army of volunteers and their simple type and publish weblog mechanisms, finally found its voice, and delivered in a way the established media simply could not.† (Guardian Unlimited News Blog, 4 January 2005). 3.0 Methodology I have focused on existing research and scholarship for this report and have drawn sources from the leading theorists in media audiences as well as those commentators who described the death of print newspapers and the advent of UGC and citizen journalism. I have drawn the sources widely from books, journals and websites. I chose this methodology because I felt that small-scale empirical research would be unsatisfactory in firstly giving any kind of indication of whether or not present theories of audiences can be applied to UGC which is absolutely crucial to the focus of this work. The conceptual difficulties behind adopting any kind of surveys or any kind of qualitative research would be manifest and would have to be conducted on a much larger scale than a report of 2,000 words can allow. Furthermore this particular issue is one which can only be understood with a comprehensive look at past scholarship on media audiences. As pointed out above many commentators shy away from techno logical determinism in hailing a new epoch and so try to explain UGC in terms of existing audience theory. How to cite Free Journalism Essay: Media Audience, Essay examples

Genetically Modified Crop Plants free essay sample

Genetically modified crop plants are crop plants that genetic characteristics have been altered using the techniques of genetic engineering (The American Heritage ® Science Dictionary). Genetically modified crop plants accomplishes guaranteeing plenty food supply for the growing population (Whitman, 2000). The first step of genetically modifying a crop is mapping. Mapping is when scientists finds and separate the gene with the preferred genetic characteristics. PCR is the next step when genetically modifying a crop. PCR is when the scientist makes plenty copies of the separated gene (Bionet, 2002). Using a piece of plant tissue, the scientist inserts the wanted genes into the plant’s own genes. The genes can be transferred in three different ways; (1) a gene canon, (2) a soil bacteria, or (3) a material named protoplast (Bionet, 2002). The name for the process of gene insertion is â€Å"transformation†. Now that the genes have been transfer the scientist makes a new crop plant out of the genetically modified plant tissue. We will write a custom essay sample on Genetically Modified Crop Plants or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page The scientist checks the transferred gene functions and if the gene shows up in the plant’s progeny (Bionet, 2002). There are many social and ethical issues when it comes to genetically modifying crops. Ethical issues are based off three principles and they are general welfare, people’s rights, and justice. Some people see genetically modified crops as unnatural and disprove of their development (Nuffield Council on Bioethics). Others say it’s unethical to make nature an industrialized type thing because it’s just wrong. The effect GMO’s (genetically modified organism) have on the environment is another ethical concern (Nuffield Council on Bioethics). The ethical debate is that GMO’s are damaging the environment; however others argue that â€Å"†¦genetically modifying technology a new tool which plant breeders are using to achieve their breeding goals more accurately and rapidly (Nuffield Council on Bioethics). † Several of the genetically modified crops under development will change the way crops are managed on the farm. There may be benefits to the environment and wildlife but there may also be risks (Nuffield Council on Bioethics). These are more ethical issues that concern the people of society. Genetically modified (GM) crops on one side have been hailed as the solution to world hunger and have been criticized as environmentally dangerous, playing God and â€Å"illegitimately crossing species boundaries (Koole). †Ã¢â‚¬  equal. The common fear among GM technology is that the gene pool could be harmed by reducing genetic diversity (Koole). Social implication comes in when the issue of world hunger is a concern. Socially, genetically modifying crops world be the solution to the possible problem of starvation. â€Å"The question of whether GM crops can be a means to prevent the starvation of children is evident† (Koole). That’s how genetically modified crop plants effect the world, and it’s mostly in a chaos type of manner. The benefits of genetically modified foods are pest resistance, herbicide tolerance, disease resistance, cold tolerance, and drought tolerance (Whitman, 2000). Instead of farmers losing money because pest eating up their crops, GM crops is the solution to that problem because they are pest resistance. Crop plants genetically-engineered to be resistant to one powerful herbicide could help avoid environmental damage by reducing the amount of herbicides needed (Whitman, 2000). There are many viruses that attack crop plants; therefore, plant biologists are working to create plants with genetically-engineered resistance the various diseases out. Unanticipated cold can wipe out sensitive seedlings. â€Å"An antifreeze gene from cold water fish has been introduced into plants such as tobacco and potato† (Whitman, 2000). With this antifreeze gene, these plants are capable to withstand through cold temperatures that usually would destroy unmodified seedlings. Creating plants that can endure long periods of drought or high salt content in soil and groundwater will help out people to grow crops in previously harsh farming places. The risk of Gm plants falls under to categories; they are environmental hazards and human health risks. The risk of GM crops are unintended harm to other organisms, reduced effectiveness of pesticides, gene transfer to non-target species, allergenicity, and the unknown effects on human health (Whitman, 2000). â€Å"Last year a laboratory study was published in Nature showing that pollen from B. . corn caused high mortality rates in monarch butterfly caterpillars. Monarch caterpillars consume milkweed plants, not corn, but the fear is that if pollen from B. t. corn is blown by the wind onto milkweed plants in neighboring fields, the caterpillars could eat the pollen and perish. (Whitman, 2000). † This concerned many scientists; however, it is very hard to predict how Gm crops will affect other organisms. When it comes to reducing the effectiveness of pesticides, many people are uneasy about insects becoming resistant to B. t. r other crops that have been genetically-modified to generate their own pesticides (Whitman, 2000). â€Å"Another concern is that crop plants engineered for herbicide tolerance and weeds will cross-breed, resulting in the transfer of the herbicide resistance genes from the crops into the weeds† (Whitman, 2000). This will result in â€Å"super weeds† that can’t be controlled. When it comes to human health risk, allergenicity is another problem that comes along with GM crops. â€Å"Many children in the US and Europe have grown life-threatening allergies to peanuts and other foods† (Whitman, 2000). There is a chance that launching a gene into a plant may cause an allergic reaction in prone individuals. There is a rising worry that introducing unfamiliar genes into food plants may have an unexpected and negative impact on human health. I personally feel like the traditional way of farming and genetically modifying crop plants are very similar. There’s only a little different in genetic modification and traditional processing. Genetic modification is a more clear-cut method, where one can be accurate in transferring the most wanted characteristics. In traditional processing the farmer cannot steer clear of the possibility that other characteristics may also be transferred (Bionet, 2002). Because of the growing population, we should go with the fastest method and that is GM crops. In conclusion, genetically-modified foods may be an opportunity to solve many of the worlds hunger and starvation problems, and to help shelter and maintain the environment by increasing yield and reducing dependence upon substance pesticides and herbicides. However, there are many tests ahead for governments, particularly in the areas of safety testing, instruction, worldwide guiding principles and food classification (Whitman, 2000). Many people feel that genetic engineering is the unavoidable wave of the future and that we cannot afford to ignore a technology that has such massive possible benefits. However, we must progress with warning to keep away from causing unplanned damage to human health and the environment as a result of our interest for this potent technology,